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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Rea Press</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">null</journal-id>
      <journal-title>Rea Press</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">xxxx-xxxx</issn><issn pub-type="epub">xxxx-xxxx</issn><publisher>
      	<publisher-name>Rea Press</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">https://doi.org/10.48314/anowa.v1i1.33</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group><subject>Data envelopment analysis, Optimistic, Pessimistic, Hurwicz criterion, Two-stage network</subject></subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Standardized Combined Efficiency in a Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis Network</article-title><subtitle>Standardized Combined Efficiency in a Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis Network</subtitle></title-group>
      <contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Roozbeh</surname>
		<given-names>Fereshteh </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Department of Mathematics, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.</aff>
	</contrib><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Ahadzadeh Namin</surname>
		<given-names>Mahnaz </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Department of Mathematics, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods, Iran.</aff>
	</contrib></contrib-group>		
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>09</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>1</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2025 Rea Press</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/"><p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p></license>
      </permissions>
      <related-article related-article-type="companion" vol="2" page="e235" id="RA1" ext-link-type="pmc">
			<article-title>Standardized Combined Efficiency in a Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis Network</article-title>
      </related-article>
	  <abstract abstract-type="toc">
		<p>
			Optimizing systems based on decision-making criteria across multiple sets requires selecting different stages to achieve the best efficiency for the analyst's objective. Therefore, advantages and disadvantages must be considered simultaneously to choose the most effective method. The Hurwicz criterion is an approach that combines pessimistic and optimistic criteria to achieve optimal efficiency. This method allows for solving more complex problems in two or multiple stages. In the standardized combined approach within a two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) network, the outputs of the first stage are selected as the inputs of the intermediate stage, ultimately determining the Most Productive Scale Size (MPSS). By applying the Hurwicz method in both optimistic and pessimistic scenarios, the best Decision-Making Units(DMUs) are selected for analysis.
		</p>
		</abstract>
    </article-meta>
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